علوم زمین خوارزمی

علوم زمین خوارزمی

برخورد شبه همزمان صفحه‌ی عربستان-اوراسیا: با تاکید بر شواهد زمین‌شناسی از بقایای حوضه‌های پیش بوم و پشت کمانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی علوم پایه زنجان
2 -
چکیده
رخداد برخورد صفحه‌ی عربستان-اوراسیا یکی از فرآیندهای کلیدی در درک تکامل بخش میانی کمربند آلپ-هیمالیا به شمار می‏رود. تکامل سامانه‏های رسوبی-ساختاری کمربندهای کوهستانی زاگرس، البرز، تالش، قفقاز بزرگ و کوچک و حوضه‏های رسوب‌گذاری خزر جنوبی، کورا و ایران مرکزی در پیوند با این رخداد مهم بوده است. این فرآیند علاوه بر تغییرات ساختاری و زمین‌ساختی چشمگیر در مقیاس ناحیه‌ای، تحول بنیادی در الگوهای رسوب‌گذاری و تکامل حوضه‌های پشت کمانی و پیش بوم ایجاد کرده است. این حوضه‌ها به‌عنوان آرشیو‌های رسوبی حساس، توالی‌های ضخیم و متنوع رسوبی را حفظ کرده‌اند که گذار تدریجی از شرایط فرورانش به برخورد قاره‌ای و وقایع ژئودینامیکی رخ داده را آشکار می‌سازند. از برجسته‌ترین شاخص‌های این گذار، ثبت سطوح ناپیوستگی در توالی‌های چینه‌شناسی است. این ناپیوستگی‌ها، بازتاب فرآیندهایی چون بالاآمدگی‌های دوره‌ای، تغییرات ناگهانی در رژیم‌های رسوبی، تغییرات نرخ رسوب‌گذاری، ورود حجم عظیم رسوبات آواری و وقفه‌های کوتاه یا بلندمدت در رسوب‌گذاری هستند. شواهد متعدد و بررسی‌های انجام‌شده در کمربندهای زاگرس، البرز، تالش و قفقاز نشان می‌دهد که زمان‌بندی و ویژگی‌های این ناپیوستگی‌ها ناهمگام بوده و وابستگی مستقیمی به پویایی‌ محلی هر بخش از کمربند دارد. در حوضه‌ی مغان و خزر جنوبی نیز گذار از رسوبات عمیق دریایی به واحدهای دلتایی و قاره‌ای، همراه با افزایش چشمگیر نرخ رسوب‌گذاری است و ظهور ناپیوستگی‌های منطقه‌ای، گواهی بر آغاز فاز برخوردی و کوهزایی مرتبط با آن است. تطابق ناپیوستگی‌ها در پهنه‌های ساختاری-رسوبی نشان می‌دهد که اگرچه زمان‌بندی دقیق رویدادها ممکن است کمی متفاوت باشد، یک الگوی کلی از تشدید تدریجی کوهزایی از ائوسن-الیگوسن به سمت میوسن میانی و سپس اوج آن در پلیوسن-کواترنری در تمامی این کمربندهای کوهزایی مرتبط با بسته شدن اقیانوس نئوتتیس مشهود است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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