Volume 11, Issue 2 (12-2025)
KJES 2025, 11(2): 572-595 |
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kourki M. Automatic first-arrival picking via combined seismic attributes. KJES 2025; 11 (2) :572-595
URL: http://gnf.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2971-en.html
URL: http://gnf.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2971-en.html
Graduate University of Advanced Technology , mkourki@gmail.com
Abstract: (283 Views)
The refraction method is a highly efficient and accurate tool for determining the condition of subsurface layers and is therefore of great importance. The more accurately the first-arrival times are picked in data acquired by this method, the more complete the interpretation will be, and consequently, better information can be obtained. In general, the quality of first arrivals depends on near-surface structure, source type, and the signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, if the near-surface layering is complex or the signal-to-noise ratio is low, automatic picking of first-arrival times becomes a challenging task. In this study, automatic algorithms and techniques are used to pick first-arrival times in both minimum-phase and zero-phase data. The algorithms developed for minimum-phase data are based on the fact that the transition between noise and signal-contaminated noise can be automatically detected by identifying sudden changes in any of the proposed attributes, including energy ratio, entropy, or fractal dimension. These techniques perform calculations using moving windows along the seismic trace. In addition, the use of a suitable edge-preserving smoothing (EPS) indicator enhances the clarity of these sudden changes, leading to more accurate detection of the onset of first-arrival times. The techniques applied to zero-phase data (considering the difference in the onset of first arrivals compared to minimum-phase data) are based on the application of three attributes: trace energy, entropy, and fractal dimension. If the noise level in the data is very high such that the algorithm fails to detect the first-arrival time, an incorrect pick may occur. In such cases, the picked times are corrected using interpolation from the neighboring preceding and following traces. It should be noted that these attributes were applied to both synthetic and real data, yielding accurate and reliable results for both minimum-phase and zero-phase datasets.
Keywords: Seismic Trace, First Arrival Time Picking, Energy Ratio Attribute, Entropy Attribute, Fractal Dimension Attribute, Edge-Preserving Smoothing Attribute (EPS)
Type of Study: Original Research |
Subject:
Geophysics
Received: 2025/10/24 | Accepted: 2025/12/24 | Published: 2025/12/31
Received: 2025/10/24 | Accepted: 2025/12/24 | Published: 2025/12/31
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